Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a common public health concern in many regions, particularly in countries with inadequate sanitation systems. Transmission primarily occurs through contaminated food and water. While most cases resolve spontaneously, high-risk groups such as pregnant women and individuals with pre-existing liver disease face a significant risk of developing severe complications, including…
Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) is a relatively uncommon virus but medically significant, as it can lead to serious chronic conditions such as Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) or HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In its early stages, most infected individuals show no symptoms, making screening an essential step—especially for high-risk groups or those planning for…
In today’s era of preventive healthcare, understanding “viral load” is one of the essential pieces of knowledge for staying informed about viral infections and planning effective treatment. Viral load is more than just a number on a lab report—it provides critical insight into how well your body is controlling a virus and your potential risk…
Hepatitis D (also known as HDV or Hepatitis Delta Virus) is one of the most severe and complex forms of viral hepatitis affecting the human liver. What makes HDV unique is that it cannot cause infection on its own—it depends entirely on the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) to replicate and spread within the human body….
While many people are familiar with herpes on the lips or genital area, nasal herpes is another manifestation that’s not uncommon—especially in individuals with a prior history of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection. Nasal herpes often begins with itching, burning, or the appearance of small fluid-filled blisters around or inside the nostrils. These symptoms can…
Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide, caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), particularly HSV‑2. While not typically life-threatening in healthy individuals, it can significantly affect one’s physical and emotional well-being, relationships, and overall quality of life. Many people misunderstand herpes—believing, for example, that no visible sores mean…
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can affect individuals of all genders and ages. One of the earliest and most important signs of this disease is the “chancre“—a painless sore that often heals on its own, leading many people to be unaware they are infected. Understanding what a chancre is—its appearance, symptoms, diagnostic…
When people hear the word “AIDS,” fear and stigma often follow. In reality, AIDS is a condition that occurs in the advanced stage of untreated HIV infection — but it is manageable with proper care. Thanks to modern medicine, individuals living with HIV or AIDS can lead normal, healthy lives with the right diagnosis and…
Vaginal yeast infection is a common health issue that affects most women at least once in their lifetime. Although not typically dangerous, it can significantly impact quality of life if not properly diagnosed and treated. Common symptoms like itching, burning, and abnormal discharge often cause confusion and concern—especially regarding whether it’s sexually transmitted. This article…
Granuloma Inguinale, also known as Donovanosis, is a rare sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Thailand but remains a public health concern in various tropical regions. It is characterized by chronic, progressive ulcers in the groin or genital area that can lead to serious tissue destruction if not treated properly. The infection is caused by Klebsiella…
